Sunday, January 28, 2018

The fundamentals of human well-being

To create an ideal world for humanity, we must understand a little bit of biology. 

Every human being has core basic needs, which, if not satisfied, causes health problems and unhappiness.  Some psychiatrists separate those needs in categories, but since I’m a biochemist, I prefer to look at them all from a biological standpoint.

We all need the following to feel comfortable, content and healthy:
  •          Oxygen
  •          Water
  •          Food (variety, not only cheeseburgers…)
  •          Sleep
  •          Shelter
  •          Low stress levels
  •          Physical contact with other animals (humans or otherwise)

Oxygen, water and food are obvious:  these provide our bodies with the molecules we need for our physical bodies to replenish, repair, grow, and generate energy.  If you miss some of them for a certain amount of time, you will eventually die.  That’s about as basic as it can get.

Sleep is interestingly just as important as food.  It allows our brain to go into a “reset mode” that stabilizes and clears it up ready for activity and thought[1].  At the same time, our bodies go into a sort of repair mode when we sleep.  If we avoid sleep for an extended amount of time, we could suffer from paranoia, hallucinations, mood changes, memory issues, high blood pressure, weight gain, a weakened immune system and of course muscle pain.  Over time, those issues will kill you too[2].

The need for shelter is related to our need to have cover from the elements such as too much heat or too much cold.  Both of which could have serious effects on our health and well-being.  If we are exposed to rain or snow, these make us feel colder by drawing warmth from our body and releasing it into the atmosphere.  Being comfortable is important to keep our stress levels low not to mention to avoid all manner of health issues associated with living conditions such as high/low temperature or overcrowding[3].

Physical contact seems to affect our biochemistry somewhat as well.  Some say we are social creatures because we have a need to touch others.  When touching others, our bodies produce oxytocin, a hormone that makes us feel attachment with whoever we are interacting with[4].  The hormones released when touching each other’s skin also helps regulate our sleep patterns and body temperatures.  It is especially important with babies and infants, who are trying to grow their very own biochemical systems and rhythms, such as breathing, sleeping patterns and such.  They are part of the parasympathetic nervous system which stimulates the body to go into the “feed and breed” and (then) “rest-and-digest” cycles.  When the parasympathetic nervous system is fully active, stress levels are low, and all our body’s systems are being maintained for health. 

Low stress levels is what activates this regulatory system.  Low stress means we feel safe and secure.  Conversely, when stress levels rise due to personal safety concerns, financial distress, worry for others and so on, our bodies produce hormones that help us manage these states, such as cortisol as part of the sympathetic nervous system response.  Cortisol prepares our bodies for the fight or flight response by flooding it with energy and by increasing our heart rate.  That’s great if we need to run from danger, but it’s very bad long term.  Constant activation of the sympathetic system, thus regular release of cortisol into our blood stream unbalances our blood sugar levels leading to diabetes, weight gain, immune system suppression, gastrointestinal problems, cardiovascular disease, fertility problems and other issues[5]

So, in an ideal world, we must have all these basic needs met to avoid health concerns and discomfort.  Simply put, if any of the above is out of whack, we are not comfortable, we cannot think straight and all we are motivated to do is to search for relief.

Thankfully, we have the technology today and most of the infrastructure to provide most of these basic needs to every individual through automation.  We only need to design and build the automated systems.  It is, just like everything else in this book: a question of will.

Oxygen
All we need is clean air.  So, let’s make sure we keep regulating emissions so that both plants and animals such as ourselves thrive and have good non-polluted air to breathe.

Water
Industrialized countries have had this licked for a long time.  In many other countries, drinkable water is still an issue.  Wells can be built and there are plenty of new technologies out there today that allow, for example, to draw pure water from air that has as low as 20% humidity using only sunlight as a power source[6].  There is no reason why we wouldn’t be able to ensure everyone has access to nice clean water today.

Food
Some entrepreneurs have been deploying fully automated farms[7].  Many transportation companies, such as DHL, have been investing huge amounts of money into automation among many others.  So, food could be taken from automated farms to population centers for redistribution or door to door if we really wanted to.  These farming and transportation systems could be solar powered, or battery powered with recharge times spent connected to solar panels.  When it comes to meat, the same thing applies but we are also on the verge of being able to enjoy quality and inexpensive vat-grown meat, reducing meat production carbon footprints by 90% and land use by 95% compared to raising traditional livestock[8].  Plus, these meats can be produced in the middle of the city no problem.

Shelter
We know in North America that we have more empty living areas than we have homeless[9].  The simple solution is to house the homeless in those empty homes and apartments.  However, that’s a simplistic solution and unfair to builders and property owners (even if some are banks).  To ensure everyone has shelter, we need to ensure everyone has the basic discretionary funds to pay for basic housing.  Enter the concept of universal basic income (UBI) where the governing entity provides every adult and child with a certain amount of money every month to be spent on basic needs (like shelter, but also food and anything else the individuals may need).  I talk about UBI more in the economy chapters later in this book.

Low stress levels
To keep stress low, individuals need to avoid worrying about stuff in general.  We need to keep our bodies off the sympathetic nervous system response unless we need to flee danger, which happens rarely, and it is needed only in very short periods.  While it is everyone’s responsibility to manage their own stress control, there is plenty that we can do as a society to ensure basic social stresses are at their minimum.  The most important stress in our society today is regarding financial and personal safety.  If we must work to live, we will have work-related stress.  One of the best ideas in circulation right now is to ensure UBI to resolve most of these issues.  Personal security can be taken care of through police drones augmenting law enforcement officers until we don’t need the police force anymore thanks to further advancements in automation and a much lower criminal rate.  One of the best studies on reduction of criminal rates due to UBI was seen in Namibia where the local government started a Basic Income Guarantee (different name for Universal Basic Income) pilot with researchers in 2008.  The region affected by the pilot saw its crime rate drop by 42% overall[10]. There is a compounding effect of stress reduction here where the lower risks of physical discomfort reduce crime rates, which in turn reduces the likelihood of being attacked, which further reduces stress and so on.  Stress-free individuals think more clearly, chooses to get better educated and chooses an occupation that they really like instead of the first one they can find out of necessity since their parasympathetic nervous system is fully active.

Sleep and physical contact
With stress low, shelter available, sufficient food, air and drink, people are more likely to connect with each other, which further reduces stress levels (another beneficial chain loop) and causes physiological balances ideal for good sleep[11].  Different societies have different views about the amount of physical contact that is desired or normal but generally, when stress is low, positive physical contact is indeed more natural and sleep is biochemically much easier.  No need for high technology to facilitate this.

Thus, all the above basic needs can be cleverly provided to all individuals through fully automated systems that repair themselves and power themselves with minimal human supervision and by the states providing everyone with a universal basic income.

It’s simple but still a tall order because these automated systems still must be deployed.  Our economy and governing systems must also be reorganized to prioritize the construction, reliable operation and supervision of all these complex systems used by all.

But it is entirely doable with current technologies and about 2-5 more years in AI development, giving us time to wrap our heads around the concepts and plan.

This type of world is what Peter Diamandis, describes as “a world of abundance”[12] where artificial intelligence and robotics are using renewable energies to autonomously produce everything we need to live and to thrive in this world.

That is the dream.  Once we have the basics covered, we can focus our time on purpose, interests, social debate, leisure, adding value to each other’s lives and all manner of activities that we, humans, are interested in doing with our time.  Without the risk of being deprived of life and health, we could then spend our time in occupations that may be thought of as jobs today out of pleasure or interest. 

That’s a much healthier way of making our place in the world isn’t there?




[1] Why Do We Need Sleep?.  National Sleep Foundation - https://sleepfoundation.org/excessivesleepiness/content/why-do-we-need-sleep
[2] Ann Pietrangelo and Stephanie Watson, reviewed by Dr. Deborah Weatherspoon, PhD, RN, CRNA (June 2017). The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Your Body, - https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep-deprivation/effects-on-body#1
[3] Jake Eliot (2014). The three housing problems that most affect your health.  - https://www.theguardian.com/society-professionals/2014/aug/08/housing-problems-affect-health
[4] Mary Bauer  (August 2017). Importance of Human Touch.  - https://www.livestrong.com/article/186495-importance-of-human-touch/
[5] Dina Aronson, MS, RD (November 2009). Cortisol – Its Role in Stress, Inflammation, and Indications for Diet Therapy.  - http://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/111609p38.shtml
[6] Robert. F. Service (2017). This new solar-powered device can pull water straight from the desert air. - http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/04/new-solar-powered-device-can-pull-water-straight-desert-air
[7] Nick Summers (September 2017). Shropshire farm completes harvest with nothing but robots.  - https://www.engadget.com/2017/09/07/farm-robot-harvest-hands-free-hectare/
[8] Christina Troitino (August 2017). Memphis Meats’ Lab-Grown Meat Raises $17M With Help From Bill Gates And Richard Branson - https://www.forbes.com/sites/christinatroitino/2017/08/24/memphis-meats-lab-grown-meat-raises-17m-with-help-from-bill-gates-and-richard-branson/#75856c293fd0
[9] MintPress News Desk (July 2015). Empty Homes Outnumber The Homeless 6 To 1, So Why Not Give Them Homes? - https://www.mintpressnews.com/empty-homes-outnumber-the-homeless-6-to-1-so-why-not-give-them-homes/207194/
[10] Claudia & Dirk Haarmann (2014).  Pilot Project.  Basic Income Grant Coalition.  - http://www.bignam.org/BIG_pilot.html
[11] Ray Williams (March 2015).  8 Reasons Why We Need Human Touch More Than Ever  - https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/wired-success/201503/8-reasons-why-we-need-human-touch-more-ever
[12] Diamandis, P. H., & Kotler, S. (2012). Abundance: The future is better than you think. New York: Free Press.

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